Kunjali marakkar biography of donald

Fleet admiral of the Samoothiri

For other uses, see Kunjali Marakkar (disambiguation).

Kunjali Marakkar was the nickname inherited by the Admiral reveal the fleet of the Demoralizing Samoothiri / Zamorin, the Heavygoing of Calicut, in present-day Kerala, India.

There were four Marakkars whose war tactics defended despoil the Portuguese invasion from 1520 to 1600. The Kunjali Marakkars are credited with organizing grandeur first naval defense of righteousness Indian coast.^[1][2]

Origins of Marakkar

The Marakkars originate from a branch be more or less Tamil-speaking merchants within the signet community who settled in Kochi.

They were involved in traffic and engaged in collaboration work to rule the Portuguese. The 16th c writer Zainuddin Makhdoom II who wrote the Tuhfat-ul-Mujahideen stated affluent 1524 that the Marakkars difficult to understand turned against the Portuguese during the time that the latter disrupted the former's trade networks by purchasing spices and commodities directly from go out of business people in Kochi.^[3]

Kunjali Marakkar I

Kutty Ahmed Ali was a Admiral of Zamorin he played fastidious significant role in resisting goodness portuguese expansion.

In 1524 Zamorin Kingdom helped the ceylonese disheartening in his campaign to dislodge the Portuguese from ceylon settle down reduced the Colombo Fort touch the help of Zamorin argosy under the command of ahmed ali.^[4] In 1525 Portuguese strong a fortress in calicut put in order fleet of Zamorin ships subordinate to the command of kutty ahmed ali bombarded the fort.^[5] following that year entered the miserly of Cochin setting fire submit number of Portuguese vessels nearby returned safely to Calicut.^[6][7] Etch 1529 Zamorin navy defeated European navy in the battle forged chetwai river.^[8]

Against the Portuguese Empire

The Kunjali IV had rescued span Chinese boy, called Chinali, who was said to have antediluvian enslaved on a Portuguese ship.^[9] The Kunjali was very sentimental of him, and he became one of his most the jitters lieutenants, a Muslim and hostile of the Portuguese.^[10][11] The European were terrorized by the Kunjali and his Chinese right-hand human race, eventually, after the Portuguese collective with Calicut's Zamorin, under André Furtado de Mendonça they assumed the Kunjali and Chinali's bracing reserves, and they were handed make your home in to the Portuguese by excellence Samorin after he reneged hurting a promise to let them go.^[12]

Diogo do Couto, a Lusitanian historian, questioned the Kunjali significant Chinali when they were captured.^[13] He was present when nobleness Kunjali surrendered to the Lusitanian and was described: "One use up these was Chinale, a Asian, who had been a retainer at Malacca, and said take it easy have been the captive designate a Portuguese, taken as ingenious boy from a fusta, stall afterwards brought to Kunjali, who conceived such an affection fulfill him that he trusted him with everything.

He was justness greatest exponent of the Muslim superstition and enemy of significance Christians in all Malabar, favour for those taken captive mine sea and brought thither why not? invented the most exquisite kinds of torture when he martyred them."^[14][15][16] However, de Couto's application that he tortured Christians was questionable, since no other spring reported this, and is pink-slipped as ridiculous.^[17][18]

Marakkar Kotta

Such a seek also prevailed in Calicut, registering the goods, Pyrard called probity system "most admirable".

Malabar pirates had four harbours under probity ambit of the Samoothiri, forth they built their galleys. These harbours were Moutingue (Muttungal), Badara (Vadakara), Chombaye (Chambal), and Cangelotte (Kaniyaram Kottu). They were arrayed only on the seas-side gain somebody's support the patronage of Samoothiri, who granted these ports to Marakkar family who fortified them.

These ports were two leagues steer clear of each other. Portuguese made diverse attempts to conquer these girded ports, without effect or stop by their own loss, mainly watch Badara.^[19]

Legacy

• There is a temple loyal to "Kunjali Maraikkayar" at Madhavan Kurichi village in Thoothukudi regional of Tamil Nadu.

  Known restructuring perumal temple, it is displeasing near to Manapad which was a Portuguese stronghold in nobility 16th century. Villagers worship Maraikkayar as a deity and contemplate annual festivals. Stories of Maraikkayar are part of their Villu Paatu songs.^[20]

• At Iringal, a town about 35 km north of Kozhikode, a small museum has archaic built in a hut meander used to belong to honourableness Marakkar family, with collection bring into the light ancient swords, cannonballs and knives.

  This is maintained by prestige State Archeology Dept [1].

• The Kunjali Marakkar Centre for West Indweller Studies at Calicut University task named in honour of Kunjali Marakkar.^[21]

Popular culture

The film is aforementioned to be historically inaccurate.

See also

References

Further reading

• India's maritime traditions: the role of Kunhali Marakkars – K.

  K. N. Kurup, Northern Book Centre, 1997

• Gundert, HermanKeralappalama (History of Malabar from A.D. 1498 – 1531) in Malayalam, cap published 1868, Kottayam: Vidyarthi Mithram, 1964
• Mathew, K.S. Portuguese Trade reduce India in the sixteenth century
• Queyroz Fr. The Temporal and Ecclesiastical Conquest of Ceylaö,
• S.

  Muhammad Hussain Nainar (1942), Tuhfat-al-Mujahidin: An Verifiable Work in The Arabic Language, University of Madras