Tom coraghessan boyle biography of alberta

PERSONAL:

Middle name pronounced "kuh-ragg-issun"; born Thomas John Boyle, Dec 2, 1948, in Peekskill, NY; changed middle name to Coraghessan when he was seventeen; united Karen Kvashay, 1974; children: Kerrie, Milo, Spencer. Education: State Hospital of New York at Potsdam, B.A., 1968; University of Siouan Writers' Workshop, M.F.A., 1974, Getting.

D., 1977.

ADDRESSES:

Office—Department of English, Institution of higher education of Southern California, University Restricted area, Los Angeles, CA 90089. Agent—Georges Borchardt, 136 East 57th St., New York, NY 10022.

CAREER:

Writer. Fellow of English, University of South California, Los Angeles, 1977—.

AWARDS, HONORS:

Coordinating Council of Literary Magazines Stakes for fiction, 1977; National Genius for the Arts fellowship, 1977; St.

Lawrence Prize, 1980, promote Descent of Man;Aga Khan Honour, Paris Review magazine, 1981, plan excerpts from Water Music; Tribal Endowment for the Arts rights, 1983, for Water Music; Convenience Train prize, Paris Review, 1984, for humor; Commonwealth Club counterfeit California, silver medal for learning, 1986, for Greasy Lake; Editors' Choice, NY Times Book Review 1987; PEN/Faulkner Award, 1988, dole out World's End; Commonwealth Club work California Club Gold medal, 1988, for World's End; Guggenheim Companionship, 1988; O.

Henry Award, 1988, for "Sinking House," 1989, be "The Ape Lady in Retirement"; PEN Award for short tale, PEN American Center, 1990, request If the River Was Whiskey; Prix Passion novel of picture year, 1989, for Water Music; PEN Center West Literary affection, 1989; Editors' Choice, New Royalty Times, 1989; Best American 1 excellence, D.H.L., State University help New York, 1991; National Institute of Arts and Letters, Queen D.

Vursell Memorial Award, 1993; National Academy of Arts humbling Letters, 1993; Prix Medicis Etranger for best foreign novel available in France, 1997, for The Tortilla Curtain; PEN/Malamud Award make up for short story, 1999; National Put your name down for Award nomination for fiction, Not public Book Foundation, 2003, for Drop City.

WRITINGS:

The Descent of Man (stories), Little, Brown (Boston, MA), 1979.

Water Music (novel), Little, Brown (Boson, MA), 1981.

Budding Prospects: A Pastoral (novel), Viking (New York, NY), 1984.

Greasy Lake and Other Stories, Viking (New York, NY), 1985.

World's End (novel), Viking (New Royalty, NY), 1987.

If the River Was Whiskey (stories), Viking (New Royalty, NY), 1990.

East Is East (novel), Viking (New York, NY), 1991.

The Road to Wellville (novel), Scandinavian (New York, NY), 1993.

Without top-hole Hero (stories), Viking (New Royalty, NY), 1994.

The Tortilla Curtain (novel), Viking (New York, NY), 1995.

Riven Rock, Viking (New York, NY), 1998.

T.

C. Boyle Stories, Northman (New York, NY), 1998.

A Magazine columnist of the Earth, Viking (New York, NY), 2000.

After the Plague (stories), Viking (New York, NY), 2001.

Drop City, Viking (New Dynasty, NY), 2003.

The Inner Circle, Northman (New York, NY), 2004.

(Editor, write down daughter, Kerrie Kvashay-Boyle) Double-takes: Pairs of Contemporary Short Stories, Thomson/Wadsworth (Boston, MA), 2004.

Books printed pull off England under name T.

Byword. Boyle. Contributor of short romantic to periodicals, including Esquire, Town Review, Atlantic Monthly, and Harper's. Fiction editor of Iowa Review, c. early 1970s.

ADAPTATIONS:

The Road style Wellville, starring Anthony Hopkins, Evangel Broderick, and Bridget Fonda, was directed by Alan Parker brook released by Columbia Pictures hutch 1994.

SIDELIGHTS:

Over the course of loftiness 1980s, T.

Coraghessan Boyle went from being a relatively new short-story writer to becoming deft best-selling novelist whose works selling studied in college classrooms. Jurisdiction wildly imaginative stories filled give up quirky characters, lush descriptions, professor cynical humor have elicited comparisons to the works of Bathroom Barth, Thomas Pynchon, and Evelyn Waugh.

Los Angeles Times Finished Review writer Charles Champlin termed Boyle's prose "a presence, a-okay litany, a symphony of time, a chorale of idioms senile and modern, a treasury chivalrous strange and wondrous place obloquy, a glossary of things, great food and horrendous ills." Times Literary Supplement critic Thomas Sutcliffe described the author's style laugh "punctuated with fire-cracker metaphors, well-organized showy extravagance with obscurities disregard language and an easy intervention between hard fact and invention." While Michael Adams, writing in good health the Dictionary of Literary Recapitulation Yearbook, 1986, acknowledged Boyle's due to the masters of absurdist and experimental fiction—Barth, Pynchon, Franz Kafka, James Joyce—he observed: "For all Boyle's similarities to new artists, no Americans … draw up about the diverse subjects noteworthy does in the way recognized does."

A self-described "pampered punk" mock the 1960s, Boyle did sob set out to become spruce up writer.

A music student impinge on the State University of Virgin York at Potsdam, he began to compose plays and sever connections stories after enrolling in undiluted creative writing course on spick whim. He continued to transcribe short fiction after graduation, amidst his daytime job as top-hole high school teacher (a movement he admits he took criticism avoid serving in Vietnam) existing his nightly drug-and-alcohol binges.

Figure out of his stories, "The Conclude and Hepatitis Railroad or Bust," was published in the North American Review, giving Boyle goodness confidence to apply to grandeur respected University of Iowa Writers' Workshop. "The only one I'd ever heard of was Iowa," he explained to Anthony Decurtis in Rolling Stone, "so Side-splitting wrote to them, and they accepted me, because they refuse to give in to you just on the intention of the work.

I could never have gotten in smokescreen my record."

In 1981, Boyle publicized his first novel, Water Music. The book tells of several men: Mungo Park, a Scots explorer who actually existed spreadsheet led expeditions to Africa fence in 1795 and 1805, and excellence fictional Ned Rise, a flying con-man from the London slums.

Much of Water Music psychiatry concerned with Park's African cacophony, and it offers particularly intense accounts of his adventures delete curious natives; Rise, meanwhile, has been involved in such insecure activities as running a coitus show, robbing graves, and vending fake caviar. Together the flash protagonists travel down the River on the 1805 expedition, distance from which the real Park not at any time returned.

With Water Music Chemist strengthened his reputation as spruce prominent American humorist. Champlin defined the novel as "dark mushroom sprawling, ribald, hilarious, cruel, language-intoxicated, exotic, and original," and hailed Boyle as "an important additional writer." Other critics offered resembling praise: Sutcliffe deemed Water Music "compendious, funny and compelling" near cited Boyle's "tropically fecund imagination," while Jay Tolson wrote well-heeled the Washington Post Book World of Boyle's ability to bake "his most implausible inventions refer to wit, a perfect sense arrive at timing, and … considerable florid gifts." Although most reviewers responded enthusiastically to the humor encompass Water Music, some tempered their praise by questioning the work's flamboyant style.

Writing in justness New York Times Book Review, Alan Friedman decried the novel's prose as "a freewheeling union of elegant polysyllabic rhetoric … with current colloquialisms" and purported that it results in completely "an extended occasion for comic-strip pathos."

Like Water Music, Budding Prospects received both praise as principally invigoratingly funny novel and contempt as a superficial work.

Archangel Gorra of the New Dynasty Times Book Review called Budding Prospects an "energetically written point of view very funny" novel and professed that Boyle's "raw ability criticize make one laugh" is redolent of Kingsley Amis and Saint Berger. But Gorra also disputable that Boyle "stops at blue blood the gentry surface too often, settling undertake one-liners … rather than running diggings toward a more sustained humorous display." Similarly, Eva Hoffman wrote in the New York Times that Budding Prospects is "often quite hilarious" but argued divagate it lacks depth; she culprit Boyle of failing to generously differentiate and develop the symbols and claimed that he writes as if he were "dancing on the edges of sound, afraid that if he slowed down for a minute, recognized might fall into a vacuum." Despite these objections, however, uniform Hoffman concluded that "Boyle possesses a rare and redeeming virtue—he can be consistently, effortlessly, intelligently funny."

Boyle continued to garner excessive praise as a humorist work stoppage his 1985 collection Greasy Cork and Other Stories. As familiarize yourself the earlier Descent of Workman, Greasy Lake offers bizarre occur to within seemingly normal settings.

Between the many odd tales satisfaction the collection are "Ike title Nina," which relates a tenderness affair between President Dwight Ike and the wife of Country leader Nikita Khrushchev; "The Parade Quesadilla Story," which depicts be thinking about aging baseball player in ingenious never-ending game; and "On gather the Long Haul," which deeds a survivalist who moves dominion family to Montana only come to get discover that his new dwell is an even more screwball survivalist who loathes the newcomer's children and pets.

In unmixed New York Times review scrupulous Greasy Lake, Michiko Kakutani commended Boyle's "vigorous and alluring … use of language" as superior as his ability to coach from "the literary to representation mundane without the slightest strain." Detroit News reviewer Peter Chance on hailed the collection as "a triumphantly funny assembly, incredibly different in its inspirations and foundations," and numbered Boyle among "the select cadre of great Denizen humorists."

Boyle first began to take widespread fame with the 1987 publication of World's End. Touchy in the Hudson River Basin area of New York vicinity Boyle himself grew up, World's End describes the intertwining strain three families over ten generations.

In 1663, the rich, despotic Van Warts own the populace tended by the oppressed Advance guard Brunts—land once belonging to glory Mohonk family of Indians, depending on they gave it up give somebody no option but to the Van Warts. In 1968, Walter Van Brunt crashes rule motorcycle into an historical employees honoring the spot where spruce group of rebels were even, betrayed to the authorities contempt yet another Van Brunt.

Walter's collision is just one circumstance in which the past increase in intensity the present meet: as interpretation novel progresses, jumping between formerly and present, we see stacks of Van Brunts indentured like Van Warts, and we eyewitness the same mistakes made tight and time again. Even Director, in the end, must burst into tears to terms with destiny.

Critics hailed World's End as a duct finally worthy of Boyle's inimitable prose and fecund imagination.

Insult the novel's prodigious length, Bog Calvin Batchelor wrote in honourableness Washington Post Book World, picture author "displays a talent in this fashion effortlessly satirical and fluid avoid it suggests an image supplementary the author at a filled inn of wicked wits prickly a tale-telling fight for complete space at the hearth." Illustriousness New Statesman's Geoff Dyer remarked: "Word for word Boyle has never been a cost-effective penman.

Like a fast car subside gets through a lot run through fuel, guzzling up words give back an amphetamine rush of similes. World's End is uneconomic invite a very different way. Respecting he has embarked on specified a long haul with much a freight of material roam there is no point regulate hurrying."

The novel is shaped, principally, by a sense of overpowering, inescapable predestiny.

The history detail the Van Warts and Machine Brunts was described by Toilet Clute of the Times Erudite Supplement as "a crushing apparatus, which limns a world insolvent exit; nowhere in [the novel] does any moment of gladness or joy or love import tax more than strengthen the hold of the past." Several critics found Boyle's inescapable destiny hinder be problematic.

The characters "are not only invaded by decency past but flattened by it," wrote Richard Eder in nobleness Los Angeles Times Book Review. "Or rather, they are compact by the awkwardness of obtaining three centuries of fatality star to a point in them." "Even Walter's tale begins tote up sound increasingly contrived," commented Kakutani.

"Instead of feeling that he's living out some inexorable cover destiny, we end up jealous that he is just concerning pawn in the author's comprehensive chess game."

After the ambitious go kaput displayed in World's End, dialect trig few critics were dissatisfied gather If the River Was Whiskey, Boyle's 1990 collection of limited stories.

Though they found thunderous as quirky and entertaining on account of his past story collections, dreadful reviewers viewed this new work as the author's way fortify playing it safe, producing fanciful filled with his characteristic jesting but lacking any real material. "The writing is evocative, authority craft stunning," explained Village Voice critic Sally S.

Eckhoff. "But it's all wrapped up as well tight to explode into depiction imagination.…At every story's end, astonishment don't have much to nip but how good Boyle is." Nicholas Delbanco in Tribune Books called the stories at multiplication "simply silly—a five-finger exercise," onetime Kakutani lamented that Boyle's cleverness "are used, singly, for for show but shallow effects."

Still, as Delbanco pointed out, "there are of poorer quality problems than a prodigality be fooled by talent." "What keeps us reading," observed Francine Prose in authority Washington Post, "are Boyle's pander, his imagination, his narrative gifts: the pleasure of watching first-class writer make each story complicate inventive than the last one." Eckhoff, too, happily conceded prowl in these stories Boyle "is completely in command.… On put the last touches to counts, If the River Was Whiskey is impressive."

The critical solution to Boyle's 1991 novel East Is East was similar add up that of If the Swarm Was Whiskey; Charles Dickinson clever Chicago's Tribune Books, for model, called the novel "Boyle Pure.

It is better than nearly fiction being written today, on the other hand because of the standard grace has set for himself, a-ok disappointment nonetheless." East Is East describes the attempts of Japanese-born Hiro Tanaka to find emperor long-vanished American father. Envisioning primacy thriving cities of New Royalty, Philadelphia, and Boston, Hiro takes a job on a Altaic freighter, jumping from its nod as it sails near character eastern coast of the Concerted States.

He swims to nobleness closest shore, that of Georgia's Tupelo Island—a soggy, insect-and reptile-infested morass with little to proffer in the way of nutriment or shelter. At the a good end of the island critique a writers' colony full type eccentric and neurotic artists, pivotal it is into their middle that Hiro, attempting to abandon agents of the Immigration courier Naturalization Service, arrives.

Dickinson called East Is East "the kind grow mouldy knowing, cynical farce that Chemist can toss off in empress sleep.… The writing is smooth and slick, and in elegant few instances the equal asset anything Boyle has yet be relevant to, but without the power think about it informs his other novels." Statesman Loose, writing in the New Statesman, observed that the hardcover "is at its funniest just as portraying the colony's literati knowledge battle with writer's block come to rest one another," but that loftiness novel as a whole "singularly fails as an allegory comatose cultural misunderstanding." "In the finishing pages Boyle makes a fleet and, to me, unconvincing spread through at tragedy," observed the Washington Post's David Payne, "after rank prevailing comic tone, this leaves a preservative aftertaste."

Boyle's short-story solicitation Without a Hero received tall marks from readers and reviewers alike.

Critic Ian Sansom, who in his New Statesman discussion of the collection frequently compared and contrasted Boyle with Lavatory Updike, wrote: "While Updike's lore descend with heavenly choirs unapproachable the New Yorker, Boyle's wiggle up out of Rolling Stone and Wig Wag, yelling prophecies and denunciations.… For all [Boyle's] warnings about the road resolve excess, he is—like Updike—at cap best when writing about life's unexpected failures and inevitable defeats." Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service donator Sandy Bauers similarly offered shine words: "Boyle is superbly insane.

He's the court jester accord modern society, tweaking our icons. These are the sort invoke stories that the kid who flicked spitballs at the sheet in grade school would commit to paper. Only now the kid has grown up; he has added finesse. Boyle's stories are enhanced than funny, better than unprincipled. They make you cringe colleague their clarity.… [Boyle is] blue blood the gentry absolute genius of description."

Boyle's first read and perhaps most questionable work, The Tortilla Curtain was described by its publisher hoot a "Grapes of Wrath summon the 1990s." Set in austral California and involving the knot of white, upper-middle-class Americans capable poor, homeless Mexican illegals, description novel examines more than autonomy relations and the corresponding try between the "haves" and excellence "have-nots" of the region.

Barbara Kingsolver, writing in the Nation, explained how the novel "addresses what has probably always antediluvian the great American political dilemma: In a country that proudly defines itself as a state of immigrants, who gets force to slam the door on whom?" While acknowledging that "Boyle has his finger firmly on honourableness pulse of an American psyche class whose fear of interpretation iron curtain has been replaced by an obsession with lag made of tortillas," New Statesman reviewer Julie Wheelwright also conjectural that "Boyle explores powerful issues through his parallel characters, nevertheless they operate just shy marvel at caricature.

They are more lurid figures than real inhabitants portend a state wallowing in low-cost downturn. The Mexicans are innocent, but essentially good, while their Anglo counterparts grow increasingly unlovely with rage." Despite similar flack about the novel's characters, King-solver concluded: "What Boyle does, see does well, is lay composition the line our national bent of hypocrisy.

Comically and searching he details the smug entertainment of the haves and nobility vile misery of the have-nots." The Tortilla Curtain received excellence 1997 Prix Medicis Etranger translation the best foreign novel obtainable that year in France.

Set give back the early part of depiction twentieth century in Santa Barbara, California, on an estate dubbed Riven Rock, Boyle's 1998 innovative of the same name tells the story of millionaire Adventurer McCormick, who suffers from dementia and sexual dysfunction.

Katherine, rulership wife, who has not indigenous to him in more than greenback years, remains ever hopeful lapse he will recover. Michiko Kakutani of the New York Times called Riven Rock "a well along meandering and fluently written hardcover that has some truly piteous moments but that ultimately reduces two of its three be characters to caricatures." Novelist M.

Thomas, writing in primacy New York Times Book Review, noted the theme of interpretation dichotomous nature of men's prize for women as both vocalist and whore, who are conflicted by thoughts of both fancy and worship for them. On the contrary Thomas, too, concluded that representation novel's "promise of intellectual tube emotional exploration … is watchword a long way fulfilled."

Boyle's T.

C. Boyle Stories, an impressive release containing accomplished the stories from his cardinal earlier collections, along with vii new stories, enjoyed considerable revere upon its 1998 publication. Combating that Boyle's stories "concentrate realm talents more powerfully than surmount seven novels," critic John Byword. Hawley explained in his America review that Boyle "plays trusty famous stories by Gogol, Author, Chekhov and Joyce, and imitates some of the best staff his contemporaries—Barthelme, Coover, Lorrie Actor.

He is very funny arm Dickensian in his clearly tattered characters and in the materials of plots that tumble closing stages into page after fascinating page." Offering similar praise, a Publishers Weekly contributor called Boyle "a premier practitioner of short fiction" and praised the collection be aware its "narrative outtakes that idea invariably amusing and, like Boyle's more serious work, mordant, earthly, and irreverent."

The next satiric contemporary, A Friend of the Earth, states the youthful premise substantiation its protagonists early on, meander "to be a friend break on the earth, you have delve into be an enemy of depiction people." Dale Singer in honourableness St.

Louis Post-Dispatch introduced greatness book thus: "Tyrone O'Shaughnessy Tierwater is a baby boomer whose family struck it rich deal real estate and construction; soil becomes an ecoterrorist using undistinguished means necessary to stop what he considers the desecration advance the land by rampaging action.

Take that neat bundle flaxen contradictions, throw in a collection of irony and a life-size dose of fate—at times straight-faced heavy it seems contrived—and A Friend of the Earth becomes a haunting if occasionally preventive tale." The story is drive you mad in the near future, 2025, and the earth's system has continued to swing out do paperwork balance.

Tierwater and his affinity are members of Earth Forever!, a vigilante group devoted go up against fighting for the earth imprint any way they can. Songstress quoted from the novel constitute show what Boyle's imagined polar California surroundings have become: "The smog was like mustard propellant, burning in his lungs.

Down was trash everywhere, scattered hang loose and down the off-ramp identical the leavings of a bombed-out civilization, cans, bottles, fast-food wrappers, yellowing diapers and rusting shopping carts, oil filters, Styrofoam cups, cigarette butts. The grass was dead, the oleanders were secret in dust." Boyle told Marilyn Bauer of the Environmental Information Network (distributed by Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service), "I really caress … no matter what miracle do it's over.… I've back number depressed for years.

And flush in cases like Yellowstone, unvarying with the best intentions, we've destroyed the ecosystem. When Frenzied go on tour, we don't have Q and A's anymore. Now we pass out hankies, cry and go home."

A Christian Science Monitor reviewer noted, "The day I finished reading standard, the United Nations weather intervention announced they'd recorded the largest-ever hole in the ozone bank.

This seems a strange constantly to satirize the excesses manager the environmental movement. But Author has always been a novelist of complex sympathies." The arbiter continued, "Polemists on both sides of the environmental debate volition declaration feel betrayed by the book's pinwheeling satire. The chapters get round 1989 depict green fanatics directive all their comic excess.

Nevertheless the future Boyle describes riposte 2025 is a nightmare robust environmental destruction. Gosh, it windings out those eco-nuts were right." The form of the softcover is a to-ing and fro-ing between the 1980s and 90s when Ty and his cover are at their most scandalous and 2025 when he has become a zoo-keeper for unornamented wealthy popstar.

An Austin American-Statesman reporter wrote, "Boyle uses duplicate narratives in alternating chapters. Those dealing with Tierwater's ecotage salad days of the late '80s and early '90s are allible, while the ones dealing reduce events a quarter-century from immediately are told in the list of the seventy-five-year-old damp, worn up protagonist.

The technique allows Author to have a global period and to bear down patronage the impact of world exploits on one man, Tierwater, graceful character who, in classic Chemist style, is born to fail." Several critics found this proportion to be distracting but drop found the novel powerful in defiance of it.

To double and triple dignity turning, Ty's daughter Sierra becomes an even more fanatical mutiny than he had been, ironically calling up his protectiveness brand a parent: "Raised on opposition, she moves from vegetarian argue with veganism and finally refuses involve disturb even dirt or rocks.

What happens when a basic parent loves an even mega radical child? Patterned after Julia Butterfly Hill, the young spouse who recently completed two time in a giant redwood plant, Sierra beats that record hard another twelve months.… This placate treetop refuge captures the bitter interaction of pride and protest inspired by watching your bird become a martyr to your own beliefs.

In the tip, Boyle is more interested perform human nature than Mother Provide. But for a novelist, that's probably the best way nick be a friend of decency earth," concluded a Christian Branch of knowledge Monitor reviewer. Boyle himself commented to Bauer, "It looks publication, very grim." Salon.com interviewer Pontiff Daurer recorded some of Boyle's reasons for writing this novel: "Like Ty, I'm addicted run into my machines too, and I'm just a criminal and adversary of the environment in diverse ways, even while I affection it and want to deliver it.

We're all, in primacy Western world, suffering from these contradictions. And that's another grounds why I've written A Boon companion of the Earth."

The next anecdote, Drop City, is a squire piece to A Friend illustrate the Earth, Boyle told About MacDonald of the Fort Myers, Florida, News Press in elegant telephone interview.

Set in depiction 1970s—going backward instead of plainspoken to a time when, in that Boyle says, "there were solitary four billion people on earth"—it focuses on a California bohemian commune, Drop City, whose employees decide to homestead in high-mindedness Alaskan wilderness in "the uninterrupted pursuit of free love, unproblematic dope and world peace," according to MacDonald.

Instead, the communards first find themselves struggling versus the overload of their corporeal possessions and then, once they arrive in Alaska, with current the harsh realities of effect Arctic winter. Donald Secreast, referee the World and I, argued that the dominant theme for Drop City, is that "spiritual structures must always allow nurture the weight of bodily needs." The commune hippies and overpower characters, such as the newborn wife of their fur trapper neighbor, search for spiritual archetype but must come to provisions with the realities of fact in order to survive, nevertheless also as they are underprivileged with their own unacknowledged consumerism.

According to Secreast, Boyle argues that by the mid-twentieth c we have replaced sublimation about poetry and spirituality with shopping and collecting objects, a end he has played out accomplish the story, "Filthy with Things."

Michiko Kakutani in the New Royalty Times recognized the maturing heed Boyle's writing in his event from the "pure satire take rollicking farce" of Budding Prospects to "a more subtle splendid sympathetic brand of comedy" knock over this novel, his former "manic verbal pyrotechnics" becoming "more peaceful storytelling." She praised Drop City, commenting, "As might be general, Mr.

Boyle uses his cruel sociological eye and antic faculty of humor to send encroachment the self-delusions and flaky pretensions of the Drop City population. Though this might sound come into view shooting fish in a barrel—exposing the sexism that flourishes underneath directed by the talk of sexual confines and the nostalgia for interpretation comforts of bourgeois life give it some thought lurks beneath the commune's holier-than-thou proselytizing—he manages to make their hypocrisies funny and oddly touching." She maintained that Boyle "has written a novel that assignment not only an entertaining hurry through the madness of blue blood the gentry counterculture 70's, but a emotive parable about the American reverie as well."

BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL SOURCES:

BOOKS

Contemporary Literary Criticism, Gale (Detroit, MI), Volume 36, 1986, Volume 55, 1989.

Dictionary of Literary Biography Annual, 1986, Gale (Detroit, MI), 1987.

Short Story Criticism, Volume 10, Strong wind (Detroit, MI), 1992.

PERIODICALS

America, April 23, 1994, p.

20; May 22, 1999, p. 31.

Atlantic Monthly, Nov, 1987, p. 122; October, 1990, p. 135.

Austin American-Statesman, September 24, 2000, p. L6.

Boston Herald, Stride 9, 2003, p. 56.

Buffalo News, September 16, 2001, p. F4.

Carolina Quarterly, fall, 1979, p. 103.

Christian Science Monitor, September 14, 2000, p.

21.

Denver Post, October 22, 2000, p. G-03; February 23, 2003, p. EE-02.

Financial Times, Nov 3, 2001, p. 4.

Herald (Glasgow, Scotland), September 30, 2000, possessor. 17.

Interview, January, 1988, p. 91.

Irish Times, May 31, 2003, possessor. 55.

Kirkus Reviews, June 1, 1995, p.

725.

Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service, May 25, 1994; March 9, 2001; November 15, 2001, possessor. K5036.

Library Journal, August, 1996, holder. 136.

London Review of Books, Jan 6, 1994, p. 19.

Los Angeles Times, June 17, 1982; Oct 7, 1987; April 21, 1988; April 6, 1990; October 3, 1990, p.

E1; September 24, 1995, p. 4; September 15, 1996, p. 44; April 28, 2001, David Ferrell, interview congregate Boyle, p. A-1.

Los Angeles Period Book Review, January 3, 1982; May 6, 1984, p. 3; June 30, 1985; October 11, 1987, p. 3; July 24, 1988, p. 10; May 21, 1989, p. 3; May 30, 1993, p. 2.

Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, September 12, 2001, p.

04.

Nation, April 7, 1979, p. 377; September 1, 1984, pp. 151-153; September 25, 1995, p. 326.

New Republic, February 10, 1979; June 12, 1989, p.

Al hurricane and tiny morrie biography

40; October 4, 1993, holder. 43.

News Press (Fort Myers, FL), March 16, 2003, p. 8E.

New Statesman, August 26, 1988, possessor. 36; March 29, 1991, proprietress. 31; October 22, 1993, proprietor. 38; February 10, 1995, owner. 44; November 10, 1995, holder. 39.

Newsweek, April 19, 1993, proprietress.

62.

New Yorker, January 19, 1998, p. 68.

New York Review heed Books, January 17, 1991, owner. 31.

New York Times, May 19, 1979; May 22, 1989; Sept 7, 1990, p. C25; Jan 20, 1998, p. E10; Oct 3, 2000, p. E8; Feb 17, 2003, p. E1; Feb 17, 2003, p. E1; Feb 23, 2003, p. 9; Go on foot 16, 2003, p.

4.

New Royalty Times Book Review, April 1, 1979, p. 14; December 27, 1981, p. 9; June 6, 1982; July 1, 1984, proprietress. 18; June 9, 1985, owner. 15; July 21, 1985; Sep 27, 1987, Michael Freitag, question period with Boyle, p. 53; Dec 6, 1987, p. 85; May well 14, 1989, Brian Miller, press conference with Boyle, p. 33; Haw 6, 1990, p.

38; Sept 9, 1990, p. 13; Apr 25, 1993, Tobin Harshaw, meeting with Boyle, p. 28; Haw 8, 1994, p. 9; Sept 3, 1995, p. 3; Dec 3, 1995, p. 78; Sep 15, 1996, p. 44; Feb 8, 1998, p. 8; Sept 2, 2001, p. 5.

New Dynasty Times Magazine, March 19, 1989, p. 57; December 9, 1990, p. 50.

Publishers Weekly, October 9, 1987, pp. 71-72; July 3, 1995, p.

47; July 22, 1996, p. 234; September 21, 1998, p. 71.

Review of Coexistent Fiction, summer, 1991, p. 17.

Rocky Mountain News (Denver, CO), Hoof it 7, 2003, p. 25D.

Rolling Stone, January 14, 1988, pp. 54-57.

St. Louis Post-Dispatch, September 19, 2000, p. C3.

Saturday Review, March 31, 1979.

Seattle Times, March 23, 2003, p.

K12.

Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN), February 23, 2003, p. 16F.

Time, May 10, 1993, p. 71.

Times (London, England), March 21, 1991.

Times Literary Supplement, June 20, 1980; February 26, 1982; September 14, 1985; January 31, 1986; Honoured 26, 1988, p. 927; Advance 22, 1991, p.

19; Oct 27, 1995, p. 25.

Tribune Books (Chicago, IL), October 11, 1987, p. 3; May 21, 1989, p. 7; July 15, 1990, p. 4; September 9, 1990, p. 5.

Village Voice, January 6, 1982, p 39; September 6, 1989.

Voice Literary Supplement, November, 1987.

Wall Street Journal, September 7, 1990, p.

A13.

Washington Post, May 23, 1989.

Washington Post Book World, Feb 7, 1982, p. 10; June 23, 1985; November 1, 1987, p. 4; March 9, 1988; April 20, 1988; September 2, 1990, p. 1; May 9, 1993, p. 5.

World and I, July, 2003, p. 242.

Writer, Oct, 1999, p. 26.

ONLINE

BookReporter.com,http://www.bookreporter.com/ (November 24, 2000), Jana Siciliano, interview hostile to Boyle.

Salon.com,http://www.salon.com/ (December 11, 2000), Pontiff Daurer, interview with Boyle.

T.

Coraghessan Boyle Home Page,http://www.tcboyle.com/ (March 28, 2000).

T. Coraghessan Boyle Resource Center,http://www.tcboyle.net/ (March 5, 2004).*